{"id":4359,"date":"2021-09-11T20:23:57","date_gmt":"2021-09-11T20:23:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/mediateka.online\/learnrussian\/putins-crackdown-how-russias-journalists-became-foreign-agents.html"},"modified":"2021-09-11T20:23:57","modified_gmt":"2021-09-11T20:23:57","slug":"putins-crackdown-how-russias-journalists-became-foreign-agents","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mediateka.online\/learnrussian\/putins-crackdown-how-russias-journalists-became-foreign-agents.html","title":{"rendered":"Putin\u2019s crackdown: how Russia\u2019s journalists became \u2018foreign agents\u2019"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"9c5e1256-dac1-47be-b4b3-84a1069f9de7\" class=\"dcr-13udsys\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/i.guim.co.uk\/img\/media\/fab822321c5915ace42dd87e1f7b141b4e134464\/0_197_6127_3676\/master\/6127.jpg?width=465&amp;quality=45&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=max&amp;dpr=2&amp;s=863f89c2c46078a8b72aecc88e24130e\" alt=\"Broadcast of Russian President Vladimir Putin&#039;s annual news conference\" height=\"1200\" width=\"2000\" class=\"dcr-1989ovb lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Broadcast of Russian President Vladimir Putin&#039;s annual news conference\" src=\"https:\/\/i.guim.co.uk\/img\/media\/fab822321c5915ace42dd87e1f7b141b4e134464\/0_197_6127_3676\/master\/6127.jpg?width=465&amp;quality=45&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=max&amp;dpr=2&amp;s=863f89c2c46078a8b72aecc88e24130e\" height=\"1200\" width=\"2000\" class=\"dcr-1989ovb\"><\/noscript> TVs in a shop window show Vladimir Putin\u2019s annual news conference last December. Some commentators say the Russian president\u2019s disdain for journalists goes back to the 1990s. Photograph: Alexander Ryumin\/TassTVs in a shop window show Vladimir Putin\u2019s annual news conference last December. Some commentators say the Russian president\u2019s disdain for journalists goes back to the 1990s. Photograph: Alexander Ryumin\/Tass<\/figure>\n<p>Will an oppressive new law stifle independent media outlets \u2013 or lead to a weakening of the president\u2019s authoritarian regime?<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/i.guim.co.uk\/img\/uploads\/2019\/06\/07\/Andrew_Roth,_L.png?width=300&amp;quality=85&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=max&amp;s=b43b83c4998787fd8c68631b800cb8f7\" alt=\"Andrew Roth\" class=\"dcr-1wujxfx lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i.guim.co.uk\/img\/uploads\/2019\/06\/07\/Andrew_Roth,_L.png?width=300&amp;quality=85&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=max&amp;s=b43b83c4998787fd8c68631b800cb8f7\" alt=\"Andrew Roth\" class=\"dcr-1wujxfx\"><\/noscript> in Moscow<\/p>\n<p class=\"dcr-s23rjr\">Usually the bad news is dumped late on Friday when most Muscovites are heading out for the evening: a new list of names of journalists and outlets declared \u201cforeign agents\u201d, a label that for some Russians evokes such Soviet-era terms as \u201cenemy of the people\u201d and has sent a chill through newsrooms under threat.<\/p>\n<p class=\"dcr-s23rjr\">\u201cWe are being told that we are the enemy,\u201d said Tikhon Dzyadko, the editor of Dozhd, Russia\u2019s main independent television station and a recent addition to the list. \u201cAnd I am not an enemy and I am not an agent. It\u2019s a spit in the face.\u201d<\/p>\n<p id=\"sign-in-gate\">\n<p class=\"dcr-s23rjr\">For more than a decade, the Kremlin has been engaged in a cat-and-mouse game with Russia\u2019s independent media. Outlets with<strong> <\/strong>independent journalists were periodically purged by their businessmen or state owners. Those journalists found new jobs, then founded new media, and sought other means to protect their work, sources and livelihood from the threat of a new government crackdown.<\/p>\n<p class=\"dcr-s23rjr\">But in the past year, since the protests in neighbouring Belarus, the arrest of opposition leader Alexei Navalny, and Vladimir Putin\u2019s \u201cresetting\u201d of his presidential terms, the Kremlin is taking broader steps to bring the media and individual journalists to heel. Some think it\u2019s possible to keep on reporting, but others see it as a death knell for the profession of journalism.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"357acbd3-c672-46ee-bb89-5f6355c791c1\" class=\"dcr-1sioudk\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/i.guim.co.uk\/img\/media\/a5e5b0299ff035f0d323f2b5e9740eef313af683\/0_126_5368_3220\/master\/5368.jpg?width=300&amp;quality=45&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=max&amp;dpr=2&amp;s=ae960201d5f663b7f36569e9a529afee\" alt=\"Alexei Navalny inside a glass cage\" height=\"3220\" width=\"5368\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"dcr-1989ovb lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Alexei Navalny inside a glass cage\" src=\"https:\/\/i.guim.co.uk\/img\/media\/a5e5b0299ff035f0d323f2b5e9740eef313af683\/0_126_5368_3220\/master\/5368.jpg?width=300&amp;quality=45&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=max&amp;dpr=2&amp;s=ae960201d5f663b7f36569e9a529afee\" height=\"3220\" width=\"5368\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"dcr-1989ovb\"><\/noscript>Russian opposition leader Alexei Navalny at a court hearing in Moscow, 20 February 2021. Photograph: Yuri Kochetkov\/EPA<\/figure>\n<p class=\"dcr-s23rjr\">\u201cThis is a law that basically bans the profession. It\u2019s not a law about foreign agents, it\u2019s a ban on independent journalism,\u201d said Roman Anin, a veteran investigative journalist and founder of the iStories media outlet recently added to the list. Targeted with raids and a criminal case, he is now working from elsewhere in Europe and is \u201cnot sure when I can come back\u201d.<\/p>\n<p class=\"dcr-s23rjr\">\u201cI think returning when I can be imprisoned, and that is possible, is pretty stupid,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<p class=\"dcr-s23rjr\">Passed in 2017, Russia\u2019s law on foreign agents has been a looming, if somewhat undefined, threat. At the moment, it requires outlets and even individual journalists to provide detailed financial reports and to affix an all-caps warning to their content: \u201cTHIS MESSAGE (MATERIAL) WAS CREATED AND (OR) DISTRIBUTED BY A FOREIGN MEDIA OUTLET, PERFORMING THE FUNCTIONS OF A FOREIGN AGENT, AND (OR) A RUSSIAN LEGAL ENTITY, PERFORMING THE FUNCTION OF A FOREIGN AGENT.\u201d The text must be posted on everything \u2013 articles, videos, Instagram stories, even on Twitter jokes that have nothing to do with politics. <\/p>\n<p class=\"dcr-s23rjr\">But the concern is that it could also be used to bankrupt or block those outlets from writing on certain topics, such as elections or court cases, and eventually silence the independent press en masse.<\/p>\n<p class=\"dcr-s23rjr\">At the moment, 47 outlets, journalists and activists have been added to the register, including Meduza, Dozhd, investigative outlets iStories and the Insider, the US Congress-funded Radio Free Europe\/Radio Liberty (RFE\/RL) and its affiliates, and the veteran human rights activist Lev Ponomarev, co-founder of the Memorial human rights organisation.<\/p>\n<p class=\"dcr-s23rjr\">Russian officials have compared it to the US Foreign Agents Registration Act but the Russian version is far more aggressive, targeting news agencies that have little or no connection to foreign governments and requiring them to comply with onerous labelling requirements on all their content or face stiff fines and potential criminal liability.<\/p>\n<p class=\"dcr-s23rjr\">\u201cThere are already so many decent people and publications on the list that it would be simply indecent not to be there,\u201d iStories said in a statement when it was added.<\/p>\n<p class=\"dcr-s23rjr\">What has been less clear is what exactly it means to become a foreign agent. Enter Sonya Groysman, a 27-year-old reporter from Novosibirsk who recently became one of about 10 journalists to be declared a \u201cforeign agent\u201d. <\/p>\n<p class=\"dcr-s23rjr\">She found out she had been labelled as such while watching a storm gather on a beach in Sochi, where she was on holiday after Proekt, the online outlet where she worked, had been declared an \u201cundesirable organisation\u201d. When she got the news, she said, she \u201csobbed all across the beach\u201d.<\/p>\n<p class=\"dcr-s23rjr\">Since then she and a former colleague, Olga Churakova, have created a podcast called \u201cHi, you\u2019re a foreign agent,\u201d investigating what their new status means for their lives. The two-hander often features them talking about their new status with family members and colleagues, asking a bewildered manager whether they can work at a fast-food outlet as a \u201cforeign agent\u201d, and discussing whether you can even take money out of an ATM or borrow it from friends without falling foul of financial reporting rules.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"ffefc87b-1b95-40dd-85ea-3c20d63a5135\" class=\"dcr-1sioudk\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/i.guim.co.uk\/img\/media\/de8c2c5a9078bac1ecff94ad444e70b5dcb63215\/405_756_1519_1899\/master\/1519.jpg?width=300&amp;quality=45&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=max&amp;dpr=2&amp;s=bb78411a2275a3004b88537c53e76a53\" alt=\"Podcasters Olga Churakova, left, and Sonya Groysman.\" height=\"1899\" width=\"1519\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"dcr-1989ovb lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Podcasters Olga Churakova, left, and Sonya Groysman.\" src=\"https:\/\/i.guim.co.uk\/img\/media\/de8c2c5a9078bac1ecff94ad444e70b5dcb63215\/405_756_1519_1899\/master\/1519.jpg?width=300&amp;quality=45&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=max&amp;dpr=2&amp;s=bb78411a2275a3004b88537c53e76a53\" height=\"1899\" width=\"1519\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"dcr-1989ovb\"><\/noscript>Podcasters Olga Churakova, left, and Sonya Groysman. Photograph: Nanna Heitmann\/New York Times\/Redux\/eyevine<\/figure>\n<p class=\"dcr-s23rjr\">Besides serving as a kind of \u201cpublic therapy\u201d, their podcast has also helped to keep them in journalism, showing \u201call the absurdities\u201d of the new rules and demystifying a label that has filled many independent journalists (as well as NGOs and other civic organisations) with dread.<\/p>\n<p class=\"dcr-s23rjr\">\u201cIt has really, really helped,\u201d she said. \u201cProfessionally too. It would be one case if we just sat around unemployed with this label, trying to think how we should live and everyone just felt bad for us. And here we truly feel that despite everything we are doing something, that you\u2019re needed \u2026 If this is how we can be part of public life, stay in the profession, then it\u2019s great.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"dcr-s23rjr\">The laws are seen as a response to investigative reporting on the Kremlin, but they threaten an entire creative ecosystem of reporting in Russia. Groysman\u2019s work is eclectic and sensitive \u2013 a favourite video piece followed schoolchildren from Vzvad, a village 370 miles from Moscow, travelling to the capital for the first time to stage a play about a trip on a <em>marshrutka<\/em>, or public taxi.<\/p>\n<p class=\"dcr-s23rjr\">Another podcast of hers that I listened to as I covered the coronavirus outbreak last year followed the lives of frontline doctors in Covid hospitals.<\/p>\n<p class=\"dcr-s23rjr\">She has documented the bizarre world of government employees who obsessively curate their agencies\u2019 Wikipedia entries and spoken with the family of Ivan Safronov, a former journalist jailed more than a year ago on treason charges. That piece came out just as her own colleagues at Proekt were being targeted with raids, a coincidence that she said \u201csays everything you need to know about journalism in Russia now\u201d.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"3da52842-1497-41d3-b430-9c9c36d61ff0\" class=\"dcr-10khgmf\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/i.guim.co.uk\/img\/media\/12b4f03d6c09a1c29e725363f916c2c41d7bac10\/0_110_3300_1981\/master\/3300.jpg?width=445&amp;quality=45&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=max&amp;dpr=2&amp;s=18c47d77fbf9bc30fa4de08dcfa4d8d6\" alt=\"Journalist Sonya Groysman is arrested\" height=\"1981\" width=\"3300\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"dcr-1989ovb lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Journalist Sonya Groysman is arrested\" src=\"https:\/\/i.guim.co.uk\/img\/media\/12b4f03d6c09a1c29e725363f916c2c41d7bac10\/0_110_3300_1981\/master\/3300.jpg?width=445&amp;quality=45&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=max&amp;dpr=2&amp;s=18c47d77fbf9bc30fa4de08dcfa4d8d6\" height=\"1981\" width=\"3300\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"dcr-1989ovb\"><\/noscript>Journalist Sonya Groysman is arrested in Moscow last month for a protest in support of independent media. Photograph: Nanna Heitmann\/New York Times\/Redux\/eyevine<\/figure>\n<p class=\"dcr-s23rjr\">Their new role has thrust the young women and their colleagues into the uncomfortable role of activists (Groysman was arrested at a picket in support of journalists last month). Juggling interviews and recording the podcast, she says, it feels like \u201cour new job is to be foreign agents\u201d.<\/p>\n<p class=\"dcr-s23rjr\">It entails enough work to be a job. The formal requirements, such as attaching disclaimers to all of your social media content and filing quarterly reports, are matched by the social impact of being declared a public enemy.<\/p>\n<p class=\"dcr-s23rjr\">\u201cYou start to live much more carefully. You start to filter what you say publicly and what you write online because I know that there are a bunch of informers following my social media and waiting for when I make a mistake,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n<p class=\"dcr-s23rjr\">This may be the endgame of the Putin\u2019s long effort to tame the Russian media. That campaign began in 2000, the year Putin became president and quickly moved to take control of the critical television channel NTV, briefly jailing its businessman owner Vladimir Gusinsky before it was sold to a state-owned company. A political puppet show called <em>Kukly<\/em> that had routinely roasted Putin soon disappeared from the air.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"dcr-1u4hpl4\"><p>Putin honestly thinks that I and any other independent journalist is corrupt<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Roman Anin, journalist<\/p>\n<p class=\"dcr-s23rjr\">But some say Putin\u2019s disdain for journalists goes back to the 1990s, when he saw the power of the press sink his mentor Anatoly Sobchak\u2019s mayoral campaign in St Petersburg in 1996 and artificially boost his own popularity before his first presidential campaign in 2000.<\/p>\n<p class=\"dcr-s23rjr\">\u201cHe honestly thinks that I and any other independent journalist is corrupt,\u201d said Anin, a former investigative journalist at <em>Novaya Gazeta<\/em>. \u201cBecause he\u2019s been dealing with those kinds of journalists for his entire life.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"dcr-s23rjr\">The 2000s also saw purchases of prestige newspapers such as business daily <em>Kommersant<\/em> by a Kremlin-friendly magnate and the abrupt closure of a tabloid, <em>Moskovsky Korrespondent<\/em>, after it reported that Putin had secretly divorced his wife to wed a 24-year-old rhythmic gymnast. \u201cI have always reacted negatively to those who with their snotty noses and erotic fantasies prowl into others\u2019 lives,\u201d he told journalists in Sardinia, denying the story.<\/p>\n<p class=\"dcr-s23rjr\">But the decade was also marked by high-profile attacks on journalists, including the murder of five of <em>Novaya Gazeta<\/em>\u2019s reporters and contributors. The European court of human rights last month ruled that Russia had failed to investigate the abduction and assassination of one of them, Natalya Estemirova, in Chechnya in 2009. Another, Anna Politkovskaya, was gunned down as she got into her lift in 2006.<\/p>\n<p class=\"dcr-s23rjr\">\u201cThere were moments of extreme tension,\u201d said Anin, when I asked him how the current mood compared to the crises of those years. \u201cBut never this feeling that the changes that were taking place were so permanent.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"dcr-s23rjr\">By 2011, when I began reporting from Russia, there were closures of media outlets but also a sense of solidarity in the press, particularly in print and internet media where a certain degree of independence was permitted. As anti-Putin protests grew in Moscow in late 2011, state media were being pressured into covering the demonstrations and some print media openly backed the protests. <em>Bolshoi Gorod<\/em>, a magazine mostly devoted to urban affairs, carried provocative covers such as: \u201cThere are more of us than it seems\u201d, and \u201cDemand they both resign\u201d, meaning Putin and then-president Dmitri Medvedev.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"1c43d75e-e014-49c1-a1a9-5ec8f31d5b57\" class=\"dcr-10khgmf\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/i.guim.co.uk\/img\/media\/3b316a803cea03b0edcdb98d78ad4f31046540a9\/0_116_3500_2101\/master\/3500.jpg?width=445&amp;quality=45&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=max&amp;dpr=2&amp;s=5535cd0b0079705a7138e8b945336dd2\" alt=\"Tikhon Dzyadko\" height=\"2101\" width=\"3500\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"dcr-1989ovb lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Tikhon Dzyadko\" src=\"https:\/\/i.guim.co.uk\/img\/media\/3b316a803cea03b0edcdb98d78ad4f31046540a9\/0_116_3500_2101\/master\/3500.jpg?width=445&amp;quality=45&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=max&amp;dpr=2&amp;s=5535cd0b0079705a7138e8b945336dd2\" height=\"2101\" width=\"3500\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"dcr-1989ovb\"><\/noscript>Tikhon Dzyadko, the editor of Dozhd (TV Rain), Russia\u2019s main independent TV station and a recent addition to the \u2018foreign agent\u2019 list. He feels the authorities have no concrete plan. Photograph: Evgenia Novozhenina\/Reuters<\/figure>\n<p class=\"dcr-s23rjr\">\u201cI think there have been a lot of missed chances,\u201d said Dzyadko when I asked him about the creeping censorship of the ensuing decade. The law about journalist foreign agents was adopted in 2017, he notes, but has only now been recognised as an urgent issue.<\/p>\n<p class=\"dcr-s23rjr\">\u201cWe calmly and relaxedly accepted the change of the overall picture. Now in 2021 imagining that kind of cover on a magazine is just not possible. We, Russian society, all bear some responsibility for that.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"dcr-s23rjr\">We speak in a transparent, cube-like studio in the middle of Dozhd\u2019s open-plan newsroom, where work is continuing as Dzyadko says the television station is well insulated against a potential loss of advertisers. In front of us, young journalists in their 20s and 30s gather to discuss the day\u2019s plans.<\/p>\n<p class=\"dcr-s23rjr\">Dzyadko projects calm, although some of the reporters I talk to are jittery about what comes next. \u201cWe\u2019re being divided into good and bad journalists,\u201d says one, as we grab a bite from a nearby food truck. \u201cEveryone is worried.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"dcr-s23rjr\">Dzyadko said that the government could seek to shut down \u201cforeign agents\u201d such as Dozhd or simply use the new designation as a leash. But it doesn\u2019t appear, he adds, that there is a concrete plan. \u201cThere is no logic,\u201d Dzyadko says, throwing up his hands. <\/p>\n<p class=\"dcr-s23rjr\">I have been reporting on Dozhd\u2019s potential demise since at least 2014, when it briefly ran a poll asking whether or not the Soviet Union should have surrendered Leningrad to the Nazis to prevent deaths during a 900-day siege. That quickly led to investigations by the Federal Communications Agency and by local prosecutors. All of Russia\u2019s major cable operators severed their ties with Dozhd. \u201cIf the situation does not change, we will cease to be a television station,\u201d Alexander Vinokurov, the station\u2019s owner, told me at the time.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"dcr-1u4hpl4\"><p>Our main goal is to survive, even if the pressure continues or intensifies<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Ivan Kolpakov, editor, Meduza<\/p>\n<p class=\"dcr-s23rjr\">While Dozhd survived that crisis, partially by moving to a subscription model, Russia\u2019s other early internet media were decimated. Top news site Gazeta.ru saw much of its politics desk restaffed over a political tiff and nearly the entire Lenta.ru newsroom quit in protest after its chief editor, Galina Timchenko, was fired in 2014 (its then owner, Alexander Mamut, declined to discuss the incident with me in a recent interview).<\/p>\n<p class=\"dcr-s23rjr\">Groysman recalled covering Lenta\u2019s destruction as a cub reporter working at the <em>New Times<\/em>. By 2015, she said, most of the media she had devoured as a high-school student was gone. \u201cThe authorities had destroyed them in front of our eyes, one after another,\u201d she wrote last month.<\/p>\n<p class=\"dcr-s23rjr\">Some Russian media responded by moving abroad. Meduza, a successor to Lenta that has become one of Russia\u2019s most popular independent news websites, is now headquartered in Riga, Latvia, in part to insulate itself from the dangers of being based in Moscow.<\/p>\n<p class=\"dcr-s23rjr\">Unsurprisingly, it was one of the first major news outlets to be declared a foreign agent in April.<\/p>\n<p class=\"dcr-s23rjr\">Meduza, which is mainly reliant on advertising revenues, has described the foreign agent label as a weapon to destroy its business. It has survived through a fundraising drive that has attracted more than 90,000 donors who wanted to become a \u201csummer agent\u201d.<\/p>\n<p class=\"dcr-s23rjr\">\u201cOur main goal is to survive, even if the pressure continues or intensifies,\u201d said Ivan Kolpakov, the editor-in-chief, in remarks published by Meduza. \u201cIn any case, we have to proceed from the fact that it will be worse going forward \u2026 Over the past 10 years, not a single optimistic forecast about the sociopolitical situation in Russia has come true. Right now there\u2019s no more reason to think otherwise.\u201d<\/p>\n<figure id=\"402b0ff9-c1da-4397-b7a3-d8e6daeafa54\" class=\"dcr-1sioudk\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/i.guim.co.uk\/img\/media\/c8fd40325d6b8829dd38082ae7e1358ffc58c7c7\/0_50_3083_1850\/master\/3083.jpg?width=300&amp;quality=45&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=max&amp;dpr=2&amp;s=ae727164027fbf700e20c4e858c86d53\" alt=\"Roman Anin\" height=\"1850\" width=\"3083\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"dcr-1989ovb lazyload\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Roman Anin\" src=\"https:\/\/i.guim.co.uk\/img\/media\/c8fd40325d6b8829dd38082ae7e1358ffc58c7c7\/0_50_3083_1850\/master\/3083.jpg?width=300&amp;quality=45&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=max&amp;dpr=2&amp;s=ae727164027fbf700e20c4e858c86d53\" height=\"1850\" width=\"3083\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"dcr-1989ovb\"><\/noscript>Roman Anin, editor-in-chief of Proekt and iStories. Photograph: AP<\/figure>\n<p class=\"dcr-s23rjr\">This latest crackdown comes as aggressive investigative sites had become reinvigorated. The Insider, partnering with Bellingcat, had helped to show that Russian agents were behind the poison attack on Alexei Navalny, the Putin critic whose own investigative team has sparked protests by revealing the hidden wealth of top officials such as Putin and Medvedev.<\/p>\n<p class=\"dcr-s23rjr\">Proekt and iStories, where Anin is editor-in-chief, had also run piercing investigations on Putin\u2019s top allies, as well as members of his family. Proekt, which was liquidated by the Russian government, had alleged that Putin had a daughter with a secret girlfriend, and iStories alleged that his former son-in-law was given shares worth a fortune as a wedding gift.<\/p>\n<p class=\"dcr-s23rjr\">The decentralised model of journalism was a crisis of the Kremlin\u2019s own making, the latest innovation by journalists who had become tired of being deplatformed. Some of Russia\u2019s top reporters had created media that couldn\u2019t be bought out and did not have newsrooms to raid.<\/p>\n<p class=\"dcr-s23rjr\">\u201cWe were registered abroad because we were forced to, because all these media had faced censorship and we don\u2019t want to be censored journalists,\u201d said Anin. \u201cThe government left us no other choice.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"dcr-s23rjr\">Meanwhile, the scoops have become more explosive, revealing not only official corruption but also the inside workings of the spy and security services. Partly that came from investigators and some journalists using information, such as passport and mobile phone data, that was available on the black market.<\/p>\n<p class=\"dcr-s23rjr\">And partly, says Anin, that was because the actions of the Kremlin have grown more outrageous, culminating in the attempted murder of Navalny.<\/p>\n<p class=\"dcr-s23rjr\">\u201cThis wasn\u2019t spontaneous,\u201d said Anin. \u201cThis was a result of the actions of the Russian government.\u201d<\/p>\n<figure id=\"67100ef5-4093-4587-982f-413190b65517\" class=\"dcr-1mfia18\">Russian newspaper staff rebel against editor accused of censorship<\/figure>\n<p class=\"dcr-s23rjr\">Nobody knows for certain what comes next and even Russian colleagues who work for western media such as the BBC (which had a top reporter, Sarah Rainsford, expelled from the country last month) have grown concerned that they may be targeted next. <\/p>\n<p class=\"dcr-s23rjr\">Dzyadko, the Dozhd editor, previously lived in the US. But he shakes his head when I ask if he is planning to leave. He also rejects the idea that the \u201cprofession\u201d has been banned.<\/p>\n<p class=\"dcr-s23rjr\">\u201cIt is very strong political pressure on freedom of speech, the repression of journalism and civil society,\u201d he said. \u201cBut banning the profession, that\u2019s when you\u2019re jailed, shot, the internet is cut off.<\/p>\n<p class=\"dcr-s23rjr\">\u201cFor now \u2026\u201d he added, trailing off as if to say: \u201cWe\u2019re not there just yet.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><!--noindex--><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2021\/sep\/11\/putins-crackdown-how-russias-journalists-became-foreign-agents\">Source<\/a><!--\/noindex--><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>TVs in a shop window show Vladimir Putin\u2019s annual news conference last December. Some commentators say the Russian president\u2019s disdain for journalists goes back to the 1990s. Photograph: Alexander Ryumin\/TassTVs in a shop window show Vladimir Putin\u2019s annual news conference last December. Some commentators say the Russian president\u2019s disdain for journalists goes back to the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4360,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/i.guim.co.uk\/img\/media\/fab822321c5915ace42dd87e1f7b141b4e134464\/0_197_6127_3676\/master\/6127.jpg?width=465&amp;quality=45&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=max&amp;dpr=2&amp;s=863f89c2c46078a8b72aecc88e24130e","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[87],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4359","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-latest-news-from-russia"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Putin\u2019s crackdown: how Russia\u2019s journalists became \u2018foreign agents\u2019 - Learn Russian<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/mediateka.online\/learnrussian\/putins-crackdown-how-russias-journalists-became-foreign-agents.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Putin\u2019s crackdown: how Russia\u2019s journalists became \u2018foreign agents\u2019 - Learn Russian\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"TVs in a shop window show Vladimir Putin\u2019s annual news conference last December. Some commentators say the Russian president\u2019s disdain for journalists goes back to the 1990s. Photograph: Alexander Ryumin\/TassTVs in a shop window show Vladimir Putin\u2019s annual news conference last December. 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